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1.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 7(2): 89-95, mayo-ago. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-124276

RESUMO

Objetivo: conocer el proceso de deshabituación, los métodos empleados para dejar de fumar y los motivos para ello de los exfumadores. Diseño : estudio observacional descriptivo, basado en entrevistas personales. Emplazamiento : área de salud de Toledo. Participantes : exfumadores mayores de 18 años. Mediciones principales : se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de consumo de tabaco (edad de inicio, índice tabáquico, intentos de abandono y duración de la abstinencia), métodos de deshabituación utilizados (farmacológicos o no), motivo principal del abandono, problemas tras el abandono, grado de esfuerzo e intención de volver a fumar . Resultados : muestra final de 393 exfumadores (59,8 % varones), con edad media de 51,3 años (DE 13,7). La edad media de inicio del consumo de tabaco fue 16,4 años (3,7) y la de abandono 42,4 años (12,9). El 54,7 % (IC95 %: 49,8-59,6) había realizado algún intento previo de deshabituación. El fármaco más utilizado fue la nicotina (8,1%). El 72,5% (IC95 %: 68,1-76,9) no utilizó nunca ningún método. Esta cifra es del 78,9 % en el último intento. Las variables sexo (varón), tiempo de abstinencia (>10 años) e índice tabáquico (<30) son factores de riesgo de dejar de fumar sin ayuda. El motivo fundamental que alegan para dejar de fumar es la prevención de enfermedades (35,2 %) y la presencia de problemas físicos (26,3 %). Al 32,7 % de los entrevistados dejar de fumar no le supuso ningún esfuerzo. Un 48,8 % reconoce haber tenido algún problema tras dejar de fumar. El 63,4 % no echa de menos el tabaco. Conclusiones: El abandono del hábito se produce tras 26 años de consumo y varios intentos. La mayoría no utilizó ningún método para abandonar el hábito. Los motivos tienen que ver sobre todo con la presencia de problemas físicos y la prevención de enfermedades (AU)


Objective: to establish the process involved in breaking the smoking habit, the methods used to give up smoking and former smokers’ reasons for doing so. Design: observational study based on face-to-face interviews. Location: Toledo healthcare area. Participants: former smokers over 18 years of age. Main analysed data: socio-demographic variables in tobacco consumption, (starting age, smoking index, attempts at giving up and duration of abstinence), habit-breaking methods used (whether pharmacological or not), main reason for giving up, degree of effort and intention to smoke again. Results: final sample of 393 former smokers (59.8% male), average age 51.3 years (DE 13.7). The average starting age for tobacco consumption was 16,4 years (3.7) and 42,4 years (12.9) for giving up. 54.7% (IC95%: 49,8-59,6) had made a previous attempted at giving up. Th most widely used drug was nicotine (8,1%). 72.5% (IC95%: 68,1-76,9) never used any specific method. This figure is 78.9% at the last attempt. Variables in sex (male), time of abstinence (>10 years) and smoking index (<30) are risk factors in stopping smoking. The main reasons given for breaking the habit are disease prevention (35.2%) and the presence of physical problems (26.3%). In the case of 32.7% of those interviewed, no effort was required to cease smoking. 48.8% acknowledge experiencing some problems on giving it up. 63.4% do not miss the smoking habit. Conclusions: smoking cessation occurs after 26 years and several attempts. The majority did not use any specific method to give up the habit. Reasons are related above all to the presence of physical problems disease prevention (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/estatística & dados numéricos , Motivação , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Entrevista Psicológica , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevenção de Doenças
3.
Med. paliat ; 20(3): 103-110, jul.-sept. 2013. tab, ima
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114651

RESUMO

Objetivo Conocer las necesidades formativas en la atención a pacientes con cáncer. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en encuesta a médicos de cupo que trabajan en los centros de salud de Castilla-La Mancha. La encuesta fue diseñada ad hoc e incluía variables sobre necesidades formativas en la atención a pacientes con cáncer, en fase terminal y supervivientes (en escala de 0 a 5), seguridad en el manejo de estos pacientes, opinión sobre quién debería asumir el cuidado de estos enfermos, grado de comunicación con el oncólogo y la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos, e implicación en la atención a los pacientes. Para el análisis se utilizó el test de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, la t de Student y el coeficiente de correlación rho de Spearman. Resultados Respondieron 172 médicos (14,9% de la población); 51,2% varones; edad media 49,1 años. La media de pacientes terminales atendidos al año es 3,9.Las mayores necesidades formativas sentidas se refieren a la atención a supervivientes (3,44). El aspecto más reclamado es la atención a urgencias terminales (3,77). En general, la mujer tiene mayor percepción de necesidades formativas (3,44 vs. 3,21; p = 0,045). El 69,2% ha realizado algún curso en los últimos 5 años. La seguridad en el manejo de oncológicos es calificada como «media» por el 74,4% y se relaciona inversamente con la necesidad de formación, siendo mayor en (..) (AU)


Objective To determine the training required in the care of cancer patients .Method A cross-sectional study was performed, based on survey of family doctors in Health Centres of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The survey was designed ad hoc and included questions about training needs in caring for cancer patients, in terminal phase and survivors (level 0-5), safety management, opinion about who should care for these patients, communication with oncologist and palliative care unit, and involvement in oncological patient care. For statistical analysis we used Pearson Chi-square, Student t test and Spearman's rho coefficient. Results A total of 172 doctors responded (14.9% of the population) with a mean age of 49.1 years and 51.2% were male. The mean number of terminals patients per year was 3.9.The most required training need was related to care for survivors (3.44). Better care for emergency terminal patients (3.77) was one of the most mentioned. In general, women had a greater perception of training needs (3.44 vs. 3.21; P=.045). Over two-thirds (69.2%) has attended a training (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/tendências , Neoplasias/terapia , Especialização/tendências , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Doente Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 6(1): 10-16, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113987

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer el porcentaje de mujeres que han realizado consulta preconcepcional (CPC), los motivos de dicha consulta y las intervenciones realizadas. Diseño. Estudio observacional descriptivo, basado en entrevistas personales. Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria. Participantes. 465 mujeres con embarazo a término en los últimos doce meses. Mediciones principales. Realización de CPC, motivos, profesionales consultados, consulta privada o pública y actividades realizadas (exploración física, ginecológica, pruebas de laboratorio, citología, estudio genético, vacunaciones, consejo sanitario, quimioprofilaxis). Resultados. El 69,2% de los embarazos fue planificado. El 23,9% de las entrevistadas realizó CPC (IC95% 20,0-27,7). La CPC fue más frecuente en primíparas, mayores de 30 años, españolas y universitarias (p<0,05). El motivo más habitual de CPC fue la prevención de problemas (40,8%). El 63,1% utilizó el sistema público, el 31,1% la privada y el 5,8% ambos. El profesional más consultado fue el médico de familia (60,2%). Las actividades más frecuentemente realizadas fueron: quimioprofilaxis (94,2%), consejo sanitario (82,5%), analítica (68,9%), citología (66,0%), exploración física (55,3%) y ginecológica (44,7%). Sólo hubo un 9,7% de vacunaciones. Existen diferencias entre las actividades realizadas en el sistema público y la medicina privada. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de embarazos planificados es mayor de lo esperado, al igual que el de mujeres que realizaron CPC, probablemente por una mayor concienciación de la mujer. Los motivos son básicamente preventivos, por encima de la existencia de factores de riesgo o enfermedades crónicas. Hay un uso importante de la medicina privada. No existe una actuación homogénea en las actividades realizadas. Tanto la quimioprofilaxis como las vacunaciones son en general bajas (AU)


Objective: Ascertain the percentage of women who have made a pre-conception consultation, the reasons for the consultation and interventions carried out. Design: Observational descriptive-type study based on personal interviews. Location: Primary healthcare. Participants: 465 women with term pregnancies in the last twelve months. Main Surveyed Data: Having pre-conception consultation (PCC), reasons, professionals consulted, private or public practice, activities carried out (physical or gynaecological examination, laboratory tests, pap smear, genetic study, vaccinations, healthcare advice, chemoprophylaxis) Results: 69.2% of pregnancies were planned. 23.9% of those interviewed made a pre-conception consultation (IC95% 20.0-27.7). PCC was most frequent in first-time mothers over 30 years old, of Spanish nationality and with a university degree (p<0.05). The most common reason for a PCC was the prevention of problems (40.8%). 63.1% used public health services, 31.1% private health and 5.8%, both. The most consulted professional was the family doctor (60.2%). The most frequent activities were: chemoprophylaxis (94.2%), healthcare advice (82.5%), analysis (68.9%), pap smear (66.0%), physical examination (55.3%) and gynaecological examination (44.7%). Vaccinations represented only 9.7%. There are differences between activities carried out in public and private health practices. Conclusions: The percentage of planned pregnancies is higher than expected, as was the number of women having PCC, probably due to a greater awareness. The reasons are basically preventive, above the existence of risk factors or chronic illness. There is considerable use of private medicine. There is no unified procedure in activities carried out. Both chemoprophylaxis and vaccination are low (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administração , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Quimioprevenção , Gestantes , Gravidez/fisiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/normas , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/normas
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 44(12): 720-726, dic. 2012. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108134

RESUMO

Objetivo: Examinar la frecuencia de alteraciones emocionales (ansiedad y depresión) en pacientes con reacciones adversas (RA) a medicamentos, y compararla con la que se da en pacientes sin las mismas. Diseño del estudio: Casos y controles. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud de Santa María de Benquerencia (Toledo). Participantes: Pacientes mayores de 14 años de ambos sexos de una consulta de medicina de familia. Mediciones y resultados: El total de pacientes fue de 311 (108 casos y 203 controles), siendo el 53,7% varones. La edad de los casos fue de 54,1 años y la de los controles 46,0 (t=4,254; p<0,001). El 45,5% de los casos presentaba antecedentes de ansiedad y el 41,7% de depresión, frente al 19,7 y 15,3%, respectivamente, de los controles (p<0,001). El promedio de enfermedades crónicas en casos fue de 5,8 y en controles 3,5 (p<0,001). El número de medicamentos tomados para los casos fue de 3,7 y para los controles de 1,7 (p<0,001). En la regresión logística, la probabilidad de haber presentado ansiedad está aumentada 2,5 veces en los pacientes con RA a medicamentos (IC 95%: 1,12-4,51) y la de haber presentado depresión 2 veces (IC 95%: 1,06-3,66). Los grupos de medicamentos que más RA presentaron fueron los del sistema nervioso central, los antibióticos y los antiinflamatorios. Conclusiones: 1) La comunicación de RA a medicamentos se asocia con la presencia de ansiedad o depresión, lo cual podría usarse como marcador de problemática psicosocial. 2) Debemos prestar atención a los pacientes con ansiedad o depresión a la hora de realizar prescripciones. 3) Los antibióticos, antiinflamatorios y fármacos que actúan en el sistema nervioso central son los más proclives a producir RA(AU)


Aim: To examine the frequency of emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) in patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR), compared with that in patients without those disorders. Study design: Case-control. Setting: Santa María de Benquerencia Health Centre (Toledo).ParticipantsPatients over 14 years old of both sexes managed in a Primary Care Clinic. Measurements and results: A total of 311 patients (108 cases and 203 controls) were included, of whom 53.7% were male. The mean age was 54.1 years in cases, and 46.0 in controls (t=4.254; P<0.001). Antecedents of anxiety were presented in 45.5% of cases, and those of depression in 41.7%, versus 19.7% and 15.3%, respectively, in controls (P<0.001). Mean chronic illnesses were 5.8 in cases and 3.5 in controls (P<0.001). Mean number of drugs consumed was 3.7 in cases and 1.7 in controls (P<0.001). In the logistic regression, the probability of having had anxiety was 2.5 times higher in patients with ADR (95%CI 1.12-4.51), and the probability of having had depression was twice as likely (1.06-3.66). Drug groups with a higher number of ADR were those of the central nervous system, antibiotics and antiinflammatories. Conclusions: 1) ADR is associated with anxiety and depression, and it can be used as a marker of social issues. 2) Attention must be paid to patients with anxiety or depression when making out prescriptions. 3) Antibiotics, antiinflammatories and drugs acting on the central nervous system are more likely to produce ADR(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Placebos/uso terapêutico
7.
Aten Primaria ; 44(12): 720-6, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22981131

RESUMO

AIM: To examine the frequency of emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) in patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR), compared with that in patients without those disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control. SETTING: Santa María de Benquerencia Health Centre (Toledo). PARTICIPANTS: Patients over 14 years old of both sexes managed in a Primary Care Clinic. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A total of 311 patients (108 cases and 203 controls) were included, of whom 53.7% were male. The mean age was 54.1 years in cases, and 46.0 in controls (t=4.254; P<.001). Antecedents of anxiety were presented in 45.5% of cases, and those of depression in 41.7%, versus 19.7% and 15.3%, respectively, in controls (P<.001). Mean chronic illnesses were 5.8 in cases and 3.5 in controls (P<.001). Mean number of drugs consumed was 3.7 in cases and 1.7 in controls (P<.001). In the logistic regression, the probability of having had anxiety was 2.5 times higher in patients with ADR (95%CI 1.12-4.51), and the probability of having had depression was twice as likely(1.06-3.66). Drug groups with a higher number of ADR were those of the central nervous system, antibiotics and antiinflammatories. CONCLUSIONS: 1) ADR is associated with anxiety and depression, and it can be used as a marker of social issues. 2) Attention must be paid to patients with anxiety or depression when making out prescriptions. 3) Antibiotics, antiinflammatories and drugs acting on the central nervous system are more likely to produce ADR.


Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/induzido quimicamente , Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 4(3): 186-192, oct. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-93596

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer las necesidades formativas en la atención a pacientes con cáncer. Diseño y emplazamiento. Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en encuesta a médicos de cupo de Castilla-La Mancha. La encuesta fue diseñada ad hoc sobre necesidades formativas (escala 0-5), seguridad en el manejo e implicación en la atención a pacientes oncológicos. Resultados. Respondieron 172 médicos (14,9% de la población, 51,2% varones, edad media 49,1 años). El número medio de pacientes terminales atendidos al año es 3,9. Las mayores necesidades formativas sentidas se refieren a la atención a supervivientes (3,44). El aspecto más reclamado es la atención a urgencias terminales (3,77). En general, la mujer tiene mayor percepción de necesidades formativas (3,44 vs 3,21; p = 0,045). El 69,2% ha realizado algún curso en los últimos 5 años. La seguridad en el manejo de oncológicos es calificada como 'media' por el 74,4% y se relaciona inversamente con la necesidad de formación, siendo mayor en hombres. El 65,1% considera que la mayor responsabilidad del manejo del paciente con cáncer debe ser del oncólogo, recayendo en el Médico de Familia cuando se trata de terminales (según el 43,9%) o supervivientes (70,4%). La comunicación con el oncólogo es "mala/muy mala" según el 53,2%, siendo este porcentaje del 9,3% cuando se refiere a Unidad de Paliativos. Para el 70,3% su grado de implicación con estos enfermos es adecuado. Respecto a una hipotética falta de implicación, la razón considerada más importante es la falta de experiencia (31,6%). Conclusiones. Las necesidades formativas sentidas podemos considerarlas medio/altas, aunque en general se sienten razonablemente preparados para atender a estos pacientes. La falta de experiencia y de formación pueden ser factores que limitan la implicación del médico de familia (AU)


Objective. To determine the training needs in cancer patient care. Method. Cross-sectional study based on a survey of family doctors in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. An ad hoc questionnaire was designed which included questions on training needs (scale of 0-5), safety management and involvement in cancer patient care. Results. A total of 172 doctors (14.9% of the population) responded; 51.2% male; average age 49.1 years. The average number of terminal patients per year was 3.9. The doctors consider that the main training need is related to care of survivors (3.44). The most important is the care of emergency terminal patients (3.77). In general, women have a greater perception of training needs (3.44 versus 3.21; p = 0, 045), 69.2% has taken a course in the last 5 years. Safety management of cancer patients was rated as 'moderate' by 74.4% and was inversely related to the need for training, and was higher in male doctors. 65.1% believed oncologists should have the most responsibility for the management of cancer patients, but that the Primary Care doctor should be responsible for terminal patients (according to 43.9% of doctors) or survivors (70.4%). According to 53.2% of doctors communication with the oncologists is "poor or very poor" this percentage being 9.3% when referring to the Palliative Care Unit. For 70.3% their degree of involvement with these patients is adequate. The main reason for a hypothetical lack of involvement would be the lack of experience (31.6%). Conclusions. The doctors consider that there is a moderate to high need for training, although in general they feel reasonably prepared to treat these patients. Lack of experience and training could be factors that limit the involvement of the primary care doctor (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/tendências , Emergências/epidemiologia , Medicina de Emergência/métodos , /métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/tendências
10.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 21(4): 196-201, jul.-ago. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98564

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer la actitud y el comportamiento de las mujeres hacia las actividades preventivas relacionadas con la enfermedad cardiovascular. Método. Estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante encuesta autoadministrada sobre actitudes y comportamientos en prácticas preventivas, realizado en 3 centros de salud de Toledo, en 539 mujeres de 18-65 años. Resultados. Edad 40,4 años. Proceden del medio urbano 361 (66,7%); 354 (65,4%) están casadas; 221 (40,8%) son universitarias; trabajan 382 (70,8%). Creen que la principal causa de muerte en las mujeres es el cáncer 432 (83,2%); 174 (32,4%) dicen realizarse anualmente un chequeo médico preventivo; 411 (76,8%) consideran muy peligroso fumar, pero fuman actualmente 159 (30,0%). El consumo de alcohol es considerado muy peligroso por 232 (43,4%); son consumidoras habituales (casi todas las semanas) 92 (17,2%). Sólo 128 (23,8%) hace ejercicio habitualmente. Hacen algún tipo de dieta 127 (24,0%). Se realizan al menos una vez al año una toma de PA y analítica (colesterol y glucemia) el 68,4, el 64,1 y el 53,9%, respectivamente. Recuerdan haber sido aconsejadas alguna vez sobre el estilo de vida por un profesional sanitario 266 (51,7%). Conclusiones. La repercusión de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la mujer está infravalorada. Nuestra población parece concienciada del riesgo de determinados hábitos, pero eso no se traduce siempre en un estilo de vida saludable. Parece que nuestros consejos no consiguen modificar la conducta de las mujeres en muchos casos, pero sí «medicalizar» su vida, aumentando la realización de controles analíticos y clínicos. Debemos insistir en la prevención del riesgo cardiovascular en la mujer y mejorar la efectividad de nuestras intervenciones (AU)


Objective. To find out the attitudes and behaviour of women towards preventive activities related to cardiovascular disease. Method. Cross-sectional descriptive study, through a self-completion questionnaire, in three Health Centres in Toledo (Spain). A total of 539 women between 18 and 65 years old answered an ad hoc developed questionnaire that contained items on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in preventive practices. Results. The mean age was 40.4 years age; 361 (66.7%) came from urban areas; 354 (65.4%) were married; 221 (40.8%) had university studies; 382 (70.8%) were working; 432 (83.2%) believed that the leading cause of death in women was cancer; 174 (32.4%) said they had annual preventive medical check-ups; 411 (76.8%) considered it very dangerous to smoke, but 159 (30.0%) currently smoked. Alcohol consumption was considered very dangerous by 232 (43.4%); 92 (17.2%) were regular consumers (almost every week). Only 128 (23.8%) did exercise one or more times per week. Only 127 (24.0%) followed some type of diet. At least one annual BP and laboratory tests (cholesterol and blood sugar) were measured in 68.4%, 64.1% and 53.9%, respectively. A total of 266 (51.7%) had been advised once on their lifestyle by a healthcare professional. Conclusions. The impact of cardiovascular disease in women is underestimated. Our population seemed concerned about the risk of certain habits but this was not always translated into a healthy lifestyle. It seems that our advice may not change the behaviour of women in many cases, but it does increase the number of clinical and analytical controls. We must insist on the prevention of cardiovascular risk in women and improve the effectiveness of our interventions (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Enferm Clin ; 21(4): 196-201, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21723175

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To find out the attitudes and behaviour of women towards preventive activities related to cardiovascular disease. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study, through a self-completion questionnaire, in three Health Centres in Toledo (Spain). A total of 539 women between 18 and 65 years old answered an ad hoc developed questionnaire that contained items on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in preventive practices. RESULTS: The mean age was 40.4 years age; 361 (66.7%) came from urban areas; 354 (65.4%) were married; 221 (40.8%) had university studies; 382 (70.8%) were working; 432 (83.2%) believed that the leading cause of death in women was cancer; 174 (32.4%) said they had annual preventive medical check-ups; 411 (76.8%) considered it very dangerous to smoke, but 159 (30.0%) currently smoked. Alcohol consumption was considered very dangerous by 232 (43.4%); 92 (17.2%) were regular consumers (almost every week). Only 128 (23.8%) did exercise one or more times per week. Only 127 (24.0%) followed some type of diet. At least one annual BP and laboratory tests (cholesterol and blood sugar) were measured in 68.4%, 64.1% and 53.9%, respectively. A total of 266 (51.7%) had been advised once on their lifestyle by a healthcare professional. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of cardiovascular disease in women is underestimated. Our population seemed concerned about the risk of certain habits but this was not always translated into a healthy lifestyle. It seems that our advice may not change the behaviour of women in many cases, but it does increase the number of clinical and analytical controls. We must insist on the prevention of cardiovascular risk in women and improve the effectiveness of our interventions.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
12.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 4(2): 92-99, 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-90836

RESUMO

Objetivo. Valoración clínica y de la calidad de vida del paciente insomne. Tipo de estudio. Descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria de Toledo. Población. Pacientes diagnosticados de insomnio antes de enero de 2008. Mediciones. Revisión historia clínica: registro de actividades diagnóstico-terapéuticas y entrevista telefónica para realizar historia del sueño y cuestionario EQ-5D. Resultados. N = 94. Edad media 60,3 ± 14,3 años. 79,8% mujeres. El 73,4% (IC 95%: 62,0- 80,0) presentaba eficiencia del sueño ≤ 90%. El 69,1% (IC 95%: 58,6-78,0) refería dormir mal. Repercusiones: 76,8% dice levantarse cansado, interfiere en la actividad del 70,6%; al 63,2% le ocasiona distracciones y al 39,7% somnolencia diurna. El 58,1% sufre insomnio de conciliación, 25,8% de mantenimiento, 8,6% despertar precoz. El 27,8% de pacientes recibió recomendaciones de higiene del sueño. Principios más prescritos: lorazepam (47,2%), lormetazepam (23,6%) y zolpidem (19,1%). Mediana de duración del tratamiento: 32 semanas (RI 58). Actualmente no tomaba tratamiento el 24,7%. De ellos, decía dormir bien el 21,7%. Consideraba su salud buena/muy buena el 17,2% de los tratados y el 26,1% de los no tratados. Presentaban peores puntuaciones en EVA del EQ-5D los de mayor edad (r = -0,33; p = 0,001), los que referían dormir mal (55,8 vs 53,2; t = 0,52; p > 0,05), aquellos con despertar precoz (F = 3,51; p = 0,01) y los tratados farmacológicamente (51,5 vs 61,5; t = 1,93; p = 0,06). Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes insomnes continúa durmiendo mal y presenta mala eficiencia del sueño aún con tratamiento farmacológico. La principal repercusión es el cansancio, que interfiere en su actividad habitual. El insomnio repercute negativamente en la calidad de vida(AU)


Objective. Clinical assessment and quality of life of the insomniac patient. Design. cross-sectional study. Setting. Primary Health Care. Toledo (Spain). Participants. Patients diagnosed with insomnia before January 2009. Measurements. Medical history review: record of diagnostic and therapeutic activities. Telephone interview: sleep history and EQ-5D questionnaire Results. N = 94. Average age 60.3 ± 14.3 years, 79.8% are women. 73.4% (95%CI 62.0–80.0%) had less than 90% sleep efficiency and 69.1% said they sleep badly. Impact: 76.8% get up feeling tired; in 70.6% insomnia interferes with their activities, in 63.2% it causes distractions and in 39.7% daytime sleepiness. 58.1% have conciliation insomnia, 25.8% have maintenance insomnia, and 8.6% early awakening. 27.8% of patients received advice on sleep hygiene. The most commonly prescribed drugs were lorazepam (47.2%), lormetazepam (23.6%) and zolpidem (19.1%). Median duration of treatment was 32 weeks (RI 58). Currently 24.7% are not taking any treatment, 21.7% of whom said they sleep well. 17.2% of those who were treated and 26.1% of those who were not considered they were in good or very good health. Older patients (r= -0.33; p = 0.001), those who said they sleep badly (55.8 vs 53.2; t = 0, 52; p > 0.05), those with early awakening (F = 3.51; p = 0.01) and those on pharmacotherapy (51.5 vs 61.5; t = 1.93 p = 0.06) had the worst scores in the EQ5D. Conclusions. Most patients with insomnia continue to sleep badly and have poor sleep efficiency, even with pharmacological treatment. The main impact is tiredness, which interferes with their normal activities. Insomnia has a negative effect on the quality of life(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/ética , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Médicos de Família/educação , Médicos de Família/normas
13.
J Ultrasound Med ; 29(12): 1717-24, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21098843

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe structural characteristics and sonographic alterations of the common extensor tendon (CET). METHODS: In 240 patients, we determined the body mass index; sonographic CET thickness, morphologic characteristics, and alterations; and color Doppler measurements of the epicondylar artery width and peak systolic velocity. Age, sex, epicondylalgia history, activities (work, sports, and hobbies), and dominant and nondominant elbows were noted. RESULTS: The CET was thicker in the dominant elbow (4.77 versus 4.61 mm [P = .023]), male patients (dominant, 5.09 versus 4.46 mm [P < .001]; nondominant, 5.00 versus 4.21 mm [P < .001]), patients involved in risk activities (dominant, 5.21 versus 4.70 mm [P < .001]; nondominant, 5.12 versus 4.53 mm [P < .001]), and those with a history of epicondylalgia (right, 5.27 versus 4.70 mm [P < .001]; left, 4.86 versus 4.60 mm [P = .316]). Thickness correlated weakly with age (dominant, r = 0.284; nondominant, r = 0.215) and moderately with weight (dominant, r = 0.492; nondominant, r = 0.502). The mean epicondylar artery diameter was 1.35 mm (SD, 0.96 mm); mean peak velocity, 13.01 cm/s (SD, 4.90 cm/s). Morphologic abnormalities were found in 79.5% of patients with a history of epicondylalgia; 7.7% with no history had abnormalities; and 55.9% with abnormalities but no history were older than 55 years. Bone spurs (49.2% versus 16.4% [P < .001]), tendon calcifications (21.5% versus 3.9% [P < .001]), and bone cortex abnormalities (12.3% versus 1.7% [P < .001]) were found more often in non-normal elbows; 79.4% of bone spurs in normal elbows occurred in patients older than 55 years. CONCLUSIONS: Mild sonographic alterations in the CET and bone spurs should be considered with caution when assessing epicondylar pain, especially in patients older than 55 years and those with a history of epicondylalgia.


Assuntos
Cotovelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tendões/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteófito/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores Sexuais , Tendões/anatomia & histologia , Cotovelo de Tenista/diagnóstico por imagem , Cotovelo de Tenista/patologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Adulto Jovem
14.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 3(3): 158-162, oct. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-84950

RESUMO

Objetivo. Existen dudas sobre la posible influencia de la obesidad en la función tiroidea y su relación con el hipotiroidismo subclínico (HS). El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de HS en personas con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) >=25 kg/m2. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en mayores de 18 años, pertenecientes al área de salud de Toledo. La muestra se obtuvo mediante muestreo consecutivo en consulta. A cada persona se le realizó un estudio analítico (TSH y T4 libre) y se calculó su IMC, registrando su edad, sexo, hábito tabáquico, antecedentes de patología tiroidea, hábitat y nacionalidad. Se consideró HS si TSH >4mU/ml y T4 libre >0,8ng/dl, según el rango de valores establecidos por el laboratorio de referencia. Resultados. La muestra la formaron 332 personas (53,9% mujeres, edad media 59,5 años). Eran fumadores el 12,9% y tenían antecedentes de patología tiroidea el 7,3%. El 52,4% eran obesos y el 47,6% presentaba sobrepeso. La prevalencia de HS fue de 9,3% (IC 95%: 6,5–13,1). No observamos asociación significativa entre HS y edad, tabaquismo o hábitat. Tampoco encontramos correlación entre IMC y TSH (rho = -0,033; p = 0,546). La frecuencia de HS en mujeres (13,4%) fue mayor que en hombres (4,6%) (p=0,006). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de HS en población con exceso de peso no difiere de las halladas en otros estudios realizados en población general. No hemos encontrado correlación entre los niveles de IMC y los valores séricos de TSH. El HS es más frecuente en mujeres, pero no hemos hallado asociación con la edad o el hábito tabáquico (AU)


Objective. The possible influence of obesity on thyroid function and its relationship with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SH in people with a BMI >=25 kg/m2. Materials and methods. Descriptive, observational study, conducted in individuals over 18 years, in the Toledo health area. The sample was obtained through consecutive sampling in the doctor’s consultancy. Thyroid tests were conducted on each person (TSH, free T4) and their BMI was calculated. Their age, sex, smoking habit, history of thyroid disease, environment, and nationality were recorded. Diagnosis of SH was considered as a TSH level of >4mU/ml and a free T4 level of >0.8ng/dl, according to the laboratory reference range. . Results. The sample comprised 332 persons; 53.9% female; mean age, 59.5 years. Twelve point nine percent were smokers and 7.3% had a history of thyroid disease; 52.4% were obese and 47.6% overweight. The prevalence of SH was 9.3% (95% CI 6.5-13.1). We found no significant relationship between SH and age, smoking, or environment. We found no correlation between BMI and TSH (rho =-0.033; p=0.546). The frequency of SH in women (13.4%) was higher than in men (4.6%) [p =0.006]. Conclusions. SH prevalence in an overweight population does not differ from those found in other studies in the general population. We did not find a correlation between BMI and serum TSH levels. SH is more common in women, but we did not find any relationship with age or smoking habit (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Sinais e Sintomas , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Peso-Estatura/fisiologia , Peso-Idade/fisiologia , Modelos Logísticos
15.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 3(1): 5-9, feb. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81216

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer la actitud y el comportamiento de los médicos de atención primaria frente a la Industria Farmacéutica (IF), especialmente frente a los visitadores médicos. Diseño. Descriptivo transversal, basado en entrevistas telefónicas. Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria. Área de Salud de Toledo. Mediciones principales. El cuestionario contenía ítems sociodemográficos y laborales, frecuencia de recepción de visitadores, actitud frente a la información facilitada, opinión sobre la utilidad e influencia en la prescripción de la visita médica, comportamiento ante estrategias de marketing y percepción de problemas éticos en la relación médico-IF. Resultados. Sólo se pudo entrevistar a 63 médicos (25,9%). La edad media fue de 50,7años (65,1% varones). Eran tutores el 30,2%, trabajaba en el medio rural el 57,1% y tenía especialidad vía MIR el 31,6%. El 98,4% recibía a los visitadores, a diario el 77,8% a diario. El promedio semanal de visitas era de 10,2. Sólo el 16,1% afirmó revisar la información facilitada por los visitadores. Un 45,2% refirió contrastarla posteriormente. Los visitadores aparecen como segunda fuente de información sobre medicamentos. La opinión sobre la utilidad de la visita es mayoritariamente favorable. El 59,7% no suele asistir a cursos organizados por la Industria. Cuando asisten a un Congreso, el 60,3% reconoce hacerlo invitado por la IF. Suelen asistir a comidas/cenas de los visitadores el 61,9%. El 55,6% ha recibido alguna vez un regalo de los laboratorios. La mayoría reconoce la influencia del marketing farmacéutico en la prescripción ajena. El 50,8%considera que no existen problemas éticos en la relación médico-IF. Conclusiones. La visita está prácticamente generalizada y es considerada útil por muchos. Se subestima su influencia en la prescripción propia. Las prácticas de marketing están ampliamente extendidas y aceptadas. La mitad no reconoce problemas éticos en la relación con la IF (AU)


Objective. To determine primary care doctors’ attitude and behaviour towards the Pharmaceutical Industry (PI), especially pharmaceutical sales representatives. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study, based on telephone interviews. Setting. Primary care, Toledo Health Area. Main measurements. The questionnaire included items on socio-demographics, work, frequency of visits, attitude toward the information provided, opinion on the usefulness of the visit and influence on prescribing habits, attitude towards marketing strategies and opinion on the ethical issues concerning the doctor-PI relationship. Results. Only 63 (25.9%) doctors were interviewed. The mean age was 50.7 years (65.1% male). Thirty two point two per cent were tutors, 57.1% worked in rural areas and 31.6% were specialised through the Spanish medical residency training (MIR) system. Ninety eight point four percent received visits from pharmaceutical representatives, 77.8% every day. The average number visits per week was 10.2. Only 16.1% of doctors said they reviewed the information provided by the representatives and 45.2% said they checked it at a later time. The representatives are the second source of information on medicinal products. Most doctors had a favourable opinion on the usefulness of the visit. Fifty nine point seven percent of doctors did not usually attend courses organised by the PI. Sixty point three percent said they attended a Congress when invited by the PI. They usually go to lunches/dinners when invited by the representatives. Fifty five point six percent have received a gift from pharmaceutical companies at some time. Most doctors recognised the influence of pharmaceutical marketing on other doctors’ prescribing habits. Fifty point eight percent consider that there are no ethical issues concerning the doctor-PI relationship. Conclusions. Visits from pharmaceutical representatives is widespread and many doctors consider them to be useful. The doctors thought the visits had little influence on their own prescribing habits. Half of the doctors considered there were no ethical issues concerning the doctor-PI relationship (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Propagandista de Laboratório , Atitude , Médicos de Família , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Indústria Farmacêutica/tendências , Marketing/tendências
16.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 132(15): 569-73, 2009 Apr 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19375116

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the presence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) in a group of pregnant euthyroid women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was prospective and descriptive in nature and was carried out over the course of three years in an urban Health District in Toledo, Spain. Information recorded included height and weight, tobacco use, previous consumption of oral contraceptives, and numbers of pregnancies and abortions prior to the current gestation. Levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were determined during the first trimester and 3 and 6 months postpartum. A urine sample was collected for determination of iodine levels. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on all pregnant subjects concurrently with analytical sample collection at 3 months of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. RESULTS: The sample contained 157 pregnant women, of whom 25 (15.9%) developed PPT. Of these, 44.0% were positive for TPO antibodies in the first trimester, compared to 4.5% of the subjects who did not develop PPT (P<.001). At the end of the first year, 5 (20%) were still afflicted with hypothyroidism. The complete study group of pregnant women displayed a median urinary iodine level of 135 microg/L. A minor BMI was found in the PPT subjects when compared with the rest of the study group (21.7 vs 24.5; P=.000). A greater frequency of PPT was found in Rh-negative women (33.3 vs 12.2%; P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PPT exceeded that previously reported. We have only found a significant correlation between PPT and BMI and Rh factor. Based on the high incidence rate detected in our Health District, an active search for cases of PPT might be justified.


Assuntos
Tireoidite Pós-Parto/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos
17.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(6): 263-268, feb. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-72867

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer qué cualidades del Médico de Familia son más valoradas por los pacientes y en qué medida son cumplidas. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria. Área de Toledo. Participantes. Mayores de 14 años del Área, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático. Mediciones principales. Encuesta telefónica diseñada ad hoc con ítems sobre las características relevantes del médico y el cumplimiento de las mismas, en escala de 0 a 10. Se recogieron también variables sociodemográficas, enfermedades crónicas y utilización de consultas. Resultados. Fueron entrevistados 161 pacientes, con edad media de 42,6 años. El 55,7% mujeres. El 69,7% tenía alguna enfermedad crónica. El 38,6% de ellos había acudido a su médico en el último mes, mientras que el 90,4% lo había hecho en el último año. Las características más valoradas fueron la ‘confiabilidad’ y el ‘trato respetuoso’; las menos valoradas fueron la ‘participación en la toma de decisiones’ y la ‘aceptación de pruebas demandadas por el paciente’. Respecto al grado de cumplimiento de dichas cualidades, destacan el ‘trato respetuoso’ y la ‘confiabilidad’. Conclusiones. La utilización de consulta es muy elevada en nuestro medio. Los pacientes valoran más cualidades de “índole personal” del médico que las de tipo técnico u organizativo. La participación en la toma de decisiones es de las menos valoradas. En general, los médicos del Área de Toledo cumplen en buena medida las expectativas planteadas en lo que a las cualidades personales se refiere (AU)


Objective. To determine what qualities patients value most in a Family Doctor and to what extent their doctors meet these expectations. Design. Cross sectional, descriptive study. Setting. Primary care. Toledo. Participants. Patients over 14 years old, selected by a random sampling method. Main measurements. An ad hoc telephone survey with items on the characteristics of a doctor and compliance to them, measured on a scale of 1 to 10. Socio-demographic variables, chronic diseases and use of doctors’ surgeries were also recorded. Results. A total of 161 patients with a mean age of 42.5 years were interviewed. 55.7% were women. 69,7% had a chronic disease. 38,6% had visited their doctor in the last month, whilst 90.4% had done so in the last year. The most valued characteristics were ‘reliability’ and ‘respectful treatment’; the least valued were “participation in making decisions” and “agreeing to tests requested by the patients”. “Respectful treatment” and “reliability” were the characteristics that most met the patients’ expectations. Conclusions. The use of doctors’ surgeries is very high in our area. The patients valued qualities of a “personal nature” more than technical or organizational qualities. Participation in the decision making process was less valued. In general doctors in the Toledo health area met patients’ expectation as regards personal characteristics (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/tendências , Médicos de Família/classificação , Médicos de Família/ética , Médicos de Família , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Transversais , Enquete Socioeconômica , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde
18.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(4): 145-148, jun. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69042

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la información facilitada al paciente o a su familia, la información solicitada por elpaciente y la participación de éste en la toma de decisiones en urgencias de Atención Primaria.Diseño. Estudio observacional descriptivo, basado en la observación directa de consultas y entrevistatelefónica posterior.Emplazamiento. Urgencias de Atención Primaria.Participantes. Usuarios de los Servicios de Urgencias de varios Centros de Salud de la Provinciade Toledo.Mediciones principales. Datos de fi liación, presencia o no de acompañante, actitud o grado depreocupación, información suministrada por el médico y/o solicitada por el paciente, valoración de laparticipación del paciente en la toma de decisiones.Resultados. En el 100% de los casos el médico proporcionó alguna información; la más frecuentesobre tratamiento (83,4%) y diagnóstico (80,1%); la menos sobre pronóstico (23,8%) y complicaciones(25,2%).Un 25,2% de los pacientes no solicitó ninguna información. De éstos, el 17,6% consideró posteriormentecomo insufi ciente la información recibida. Sólo el 27,2% fue invitado por el médico a participaren la toma de decisiones y sólo un 23,8% solicitó directamente algún tratamiento o derivación alhospital. El trato recibido fue considerado adecuado por el 95% de los pacientes.El grado de preocupación declarado pasó de 6,1 (llegada) a 3,4 (salida) [escala 1-10].Conclusiones. La información facilitada en Urgencias parece sufi ciente, aunque mejorable en algunosaspectos. Igual de satisfactoria parece ser la atención prestada. La participación del paciente en latoma de decisiones es aún escasa


Objective. To study the information given to the patient or their family, the information requested by thepatient and his/her participation in the decisions made in the emergency service of Primary Care.Design. Descriptive observational study based on direct observations in clinics and subsequenttelephone interview.Setting. Primary Care Emergency Service.Participants. Users of the Emergency Services in several Primary Care Centres in the Toledo Province.Main measurements. Personal details, accompanied or not, attitude or degree of concern, informationprovided by the doctor and/or requested by the patient, evaluation of the patients’ participationin decision making.Results. The doctor provided some information in 100% of cases; most frequently about treatment(83.4%) and diagnosis (80.1%); and least often about prognosis (23.8%) and complications (25.2%).A total of 25.2% of patients did not request any information. Of these, afterwards 17.6% consideredthat they had received too little information. Only 27.2% were invited by the doctor to take part inmaking decisions; while only 23.8% directly requested some treatment or referral to the hospital.The treatment received was considered suitable by 95% of patients. The patients’ degree of concerndecreased from 6.1 (on arrival) to 3.4 (on discharge) [scale 1-10].Conclusions. It appears that suffi cient information is provided in the emergency department and thatthe healthcare provided is also satisfactory. Patients still participate very little in decision making5


Assuntos
Humanos , Acesso à Informação , Tomada de Decisões , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Participação do Paciente/tendências , Relações Médico-Paciente , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/tendências
19.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(5): 196-201, mayo 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64966

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivos: Las alteraciones tiroideas son frecuentes en la gestación y pueden ser nocivas para el desarrollo del recién nacido. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la prevalencia de enfermedad tiroidea y el estado nutricional de yodo de un grupo de mujeres en su primer trimestre de embarazo. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en una zona de salud de Toledo. La población del estudio estaba formada por las embarazadas de dicha zona y un grupo control de mujeres no gestantes de edad similar. En ambos grupos se realizó una ecografía tiroidea y se determinó la yoduria; en embarazadas, además, tirotropina (TSH), T4 libre y anticuerpos antiperoxidasa (TPO). Resultados: Participaron 199 embarazadas y 169 controles. La mediana de yoduria fue 135 (rango intercuartílico [RI], 240-65) mg/l en embarazadas y 150 (RI, 200-90) mg/l en controles. Las medias ± desviación estándar de TSH y T4 en embarazadas fueron 1,95 ± 1,62 y 1,03 ± 0,15 mU/ml, respectivamente. La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo en embarazadas fue del 9,5% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 6,0-14,7). El volumen tiroideo resultó mayor en embarazadas (12,2 ± 5,6 ml) que en controles (10,7 ± 4,0 ml) (p = 0,005). Se encontraron nódulos tiroideos en el 38,5% de los controles y en el 33,2% de las embarazadas (p = 0,290). Conclusiones: Existe un deficiente estado de yodación en nuestras embarazadas. La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo es alta y similar a la de otros trabajos españoles. Debería valorarse la determinación de hormonas tiroideas y anticuerpos anti-TPO en el primer control gestacional. La prevalencia de nódulos es similar en controles y embarazadas en el primer trimestre. Debería solicitarse una ecografía tiroidea en las gestantes que presenten en la exploración física bocio y/o nódulos tiroideos (AU)


Background and objectives: Thyroid alterations are frequent during pregnancy and can be harmful to the development of the newborn. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders as well as iodine nutritional status in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Patients and method: We performed a descriptive observational survey in a health area of Toledo (Spain). Participants consisted of pregnant women in this area and a control group of non-pregnant women of similar age. Both groups underwent thyroid ultrasonography and urinary iodine concentration test. Thyrotropin, free T4 and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO Ab) levels were also measured in pregnant women. Results: A total of 199 expectant women and a control group of 169 non-pregnant women participated. The median urinary iodine concentration was 135 mg/l (IR, 240-65) in pregnant women and 150 mg/l (IR, 200-90) in the control group. The mean values for TSH and free T4 in pregnant women were 1.95 ± 1.62 and 1.03 ± 0.15 mU/ml, respectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in expectant women was 9.5% (95% CI, 6.0-14.7). Thyroid volume was larger in pregnant women (12.2 ± 5.6 mL) than in controls (10.7 ± 4.0 mL) (p = 0.005). Thyroid nodules were found in 38.5% of the women in the control group and in 33.2% of pregnant women (p = 0.290). Conclusions: Iodine status was deficient in our group of pregnant women. In agreement with the results of other studies performed in Spain, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was high. Thyroid hormones and anti-TPO Ab tests should be evaluated in the first prenatal visit. The prevalence of nodules was similar in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy and in controls. Thyroid ultrasonography should be performed in pregnant women whenever a goiter and/or thyroid nodules are detected during clinical examination (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Iodo , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Nutrição da Gestante
20.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(2): 51-56, oct. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126309

RESUMO

Objetivo. Se ha postulado la existencia de diferentes "estilos de práctica" (EP) como explicativo de las variaciones en la práctica médica (VPM) no justificadas por características específicas de los pacientes o de los médicos. Se pretende determinar si existe tal variabilidad en la actitud médica ante la incertidumbre y, secundariamente, establecer diferentes EP según la utilización de recursos sanitarios. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo. Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria. Participantes. Todos los médicos de Familia del Área Sanitaria de Toledo. Mediciones principales. Estudio basado en una encuesta con tres supuestos clínicos en los que no existen evidencias que apoyen una actitud determinada. En función de las respuestas afirmativas a las preguntas clave de los supuestos, se definieron tres clases de EP (EP1, EP2 y EP3), de menor a mayor utilización de recursos. Resultados. Se consideró EP1 al 21,6%, EP2 al 48,8% y EP3 al 29,6% de los médicos. La media de edad de los médicos EP1 fue menor que la de los EP2 y EP3 respectivamente (41,7 vs 46,4 vs 48,9; p=0,003), al igual que su experiencia profesional (13,9 vs 17,8 vs 21,0 años; p=0,008). El porcentaje de EP1 entre los médicos con formación MIR fue mayor (34,3% vs 16,7%; p=0,046), al igual que en médicos de atención continuada frente a médicos de consulta (40,7% vs 16,3%; p=0,014). Conclusiones. Se constata variabilidad en la actitud de los médicos ante la incertidumbre. Dado que las VPM podrían sugerir problemas de adecuación o de eficiencia, el mejor conocimiento de los factores influyentes es importante para mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria, pudiendo utilizarse el consumo de recursos como indicador de EP (AU)


Objective. The existence of different practice styles (PSs) has been postulated to explain variations in medical practice (VMP) not justifiable by specific characteristics of the patients or doctors. The objective is to establish whether this variability in medical attitude in the face of doubt does exist and, secondarily, to determine different PSs in relation to the use of healthcare resources. Design. Descriptive study. Setting. Primary Care. Participants. All the General Practitioners in the Toledo region. Main measures. Study based on a survey with three clinical assumptions in which there is no evidence of support of any particular attitude. In relation to the positive replies to key questions for the assumptions, three classes of PSs were defined (PS1, PS2 and PS3), from lesser to greater use of resources. Results. A total of 21.6% of doctors were considered as PS1, 48.8% as PS2 and 29.6% as PS3. PS1 doctors were on average younger than PS2 and PS3 doctors, respectively (41.7 vs 46.4 vs 48.9; p=0.003), and had less professional experience (13.9 vs 17.8 vs 21.0 years; p=0.008). A higher percentage of PS1 doctors had received the speciality of family doctor (34.3% vs 16.7%; p=0.046), and more were providers of continuous medical care rather than only attending patients in clinics (40.7% vs 16.3%; p=0.014). Conclusions. Doctors have a variable attitude when faced with doubt. Given that VMP could imply problems of suitability or efficacy, it is important to improve our understanding of the factors involved to be able to improve the quality of healthcare. The use of resources could possibly be used as an indicator of PSs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Incerteza , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Assistência Integral à Saúde/organização & administração , Assistência Integral à Saúde/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/ética , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/normas , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
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